Arrange the numbers 49, 36, 42, 19, 22, 27, 14, 13, 24, 48, 23, 28, 17, 42, 39, 45, 22, 24, 17,41, 18, 42, 38, 43, 11, 27, 36, 13, 40, 30, 24, 10, 18, 47, 18, 19, 23, 12, 27 in stretched stem-and-leaf display that has single-digit starting parts and leaves, but has stem […]

If four cards are chosen from a pack of 52 playing cards then find the number of ways that all four cards are: a) of same suit b) red c) face cards d) king e) of different suit Solution: a) All four cards are of the same suit: There are indeed 4 suits, and for […]

Definition The average amount of total inspection epitomizes the quintessence of SQC, encapsulating the meticulous evaluation of product quality through a statistical lens. It encompasses the average number of units scrutinized within a defined temporal ambit to ascertain adherence to stringent quality specifications. This metric embodies the essence of process control, facilitating empirical insights into […]

Definition of Average Sample Number (ASN) Average sample number (ASN) is a metric used in statistical quality control to quantify the average number of samples required to detect a specific level of non-conformance within a given population or process. It provides a measure of the sampling efficiency by indicating how many units need to be […]

Definition of OC Curve An OC curve illustrates the relationship between the probability of accepting or rejecting a hypothesis and the population parameter it represents. In simpler terms, it showcases how well a statistical test can distinguish between different states of nature, such as when a process is in control or out of control. Formulas […]

Definition of AOQL AOQL, or Average Outgoing Quality Limit, is a statistical measure utilized in quality control to determine the maximum acceptable average level of defective units in a manufactured batch that meets specified quality standards. It represents the average quality level of products leaving a production process over a certain period, ensuring that the […]

Rectifying Inspection Plans: Enhancing Quality Assurance in Manufacturing In the realm of manufacturing, ensuring product quality is paramount. Any oversight or flaw in the production process can lead to defective products reaching consumers, tarnishing a brand’s reputation and potentially causing safety hazards. To mitigate these risks, companies employ rigorous inspection plans. However, even the most […]

What is Producer’s Risk? Producer’s risk, also known as Type I error or alpha risk, refers to the probability of erroneously rejecting a null hypothesis when it is actually true. In simpler terms, it’s the risk of concluding that a process is not meeting the desired standards or specifications when, in fact, it is operating […]

What is Consumer’s Risk? Consumer’s risk refers to the potential for dissatisfaction or loss experienced by consumers due to factors such as product defects, service failures, or market fluctuations. It encompasses various dimensions, including quality, reliability, safety, and financial considerations. Essentially, it reflects the vulnerability consumers face when making purchasing decisions in an unpredictable marketplace. […]

Percent Average Fraction Defective In the realm of quality control and statistical analysis, the concept of percent average fraction defective (PAFD) plays a crucial role in assessing the quality of products or processes. This metric provides valuable insights into the level of defects present in a given sample or population, enabling organizations to make informed […]