FOR ANSWERS KINDLY CONTACT US ON OUR WHATSAPP NUMBER 9009368238
सभी प्रश्नों के उत्तर जानने के लिए नीचे दिए व्हाट्सएप आइकॉन पर क्लिक करें |
FOR ANSWERS KINDLY CONTACT US ON OUR WHATSAPP NUMBER 9009368238
सभी प्रश्नों के उत्तर जानने के लिए नीचे दिए व्हाट्सएप आइकॉन पर क्लिक करें |
QUESTION:Show how literary criticism and theory have developed a materialistic dimension based
on Marxism.
ANSWER:
Development of Materialistic Dimension in Literary Criticism Based on Marxism:
- Historical Materialism:
- Theory: Karl Marx’s historical materialism posits that material conditions and economic factors shape society, culture, and history.
- Application: Literary critics began analyzing texts by considering the socio-economic contexts in which they were written. They explored how literature reflects, reinforces, or critiques the prevailing economic and class structures.
- Class Struggle:
- Theory: Marx emphasized the ongoing conflict between different classes, particularly the bourgeoisie (owners) and the proletariat (workers).
- Application: Critics examined how literature portrays class struggles, power dynamics, and social inequalities. They investigated how characters, themes, and narratives represent or challenge class interests.
- Ideology:
- Theory: Marx argued that the ruling class’s ideas become the dominant ideology, perpetuating their control.
- Application: Literary critics analyzed texts to uncover hidden ideological messages and how they serve or subvert dominant power structures. They explored how literature can either perpetuate or resist ideological control.
- Alienation:
- Theory: Marx described alienation as the separation of individuals from their work, products, and fellow humans under capitalism.
- Application: Critics explored themes of alienation in literature, examining characters’ estrangement from society, labor, and themselves. They connected these themes to broader economic and social contexts.
- Economic Determinism:
- Theory: Marx suggested that economic factors fundamentally determine societal structures and human experiences.
- Application: Literary critics studied how economic conditions shape characters’ lives, motivations, and relationships. They analyzed how literature reflects economic realities and challenges capitalist ideologies.
- Revolution and Change:
- Theory: Marx believed in the possibility of revolutionary change and the eventual overthrow of capitalism.
- Application: Critics looked for revolutionary potential in literature, identifying works that inspire social change, challenge the status quo, and envision alternative futures.
Key Figures and Texts:
- György Lukács: His work on realism and reification in literature emphasized the role of literature in reflecting social realities.
- Terry Eagleton: A prominent Marxist critic who explored the relationship between literature, ideology, and power.
- Raymond Williams: His cultural materialism connected literature to broader cultural and historical contexts.
Marxist literary criticism has expanded to include various approaches, such as feminist Marxism, postcolonial Marxism, and eco-Marxism, each bringing new dimensions to the analysis of literature through a materialist lens.